{"id":384,"date":"2018-01-22T14:04:41","date_gmt":"2018-01-22T14:04:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/?page_id=384"},"modified":"2019-03-19T08:00:23","modified_gmt":"2019-03-19T08:00:23","slug":"operating-systems","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/operating-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Operating Systems"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"arconix-tabs-horizontal\"><ul class=\"arconix-tabs\"><li data-arconix-icon=\" \" data-arconix-color=\" \" class=\"arconix-tab tab-OperatingSystems\"><a class=\"\" href=\"#tab-OperatingSystems\">Operating Systems<\/a><\/li>\n<li data-arconix-icon=\" \" data-arconix-color=\" \" class=\"arconix-tab tab-CLI\"><a class=\"\" href=\"#tab-CLI\">CLI<\/a><\/li>\n<li data-arconix-icon=\" \" data-arconix-color=\" \" class=\"arconix-tab tab-GUI\"><a class=\"\" href=\"#tab-GUI\">GUI<\/a><\/li>\n<li data-arconix-icon=\" \" data-arconix-color=\" \" class=\"arconix-tab tab-Multitasking\"><a class=\"\" href=\"#tab-Multitasking\">Multitasking<\/a><\/li>\n<li data-arconix-icon=\" \" data-arconix-color=\" \" class=\"arconix-tab tab-Peripherals\"><a class=\"\" href=\"#tab-Peripherals\">Peripherals<\/a><\/li>\n<li data-arconix-icon=\" \" data-arconix-color=\" \" class=\"arconix-tab tab-UserManagement\"><a class=\"\" href=\"#tab-UserManagement\">User Management<\/a><\/li>\n<li data-arconix-icon=\" \" data-arconix-color=\" \" class=\"arconix-tab tab-FileManagement\"><a class=\"\" href=\"#tab-FileManagement\">File Management<\/a><\/li>\n<li data-arconix-icon=\" \" data-arconix-color=\" \" class=\"arconix-tab tab-Resources\"><a class=\"\" href=\"#tab-Resources\">Resources<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<div class=\"arconix-panes\"><div class=\"arconix-pane pane-OperatingSystems\">\n<div class=\"arconix-column-two-thirds\">\n<h3>Operating Systems<\/h3>\n<div class=\"arconix-box arconix-box-lgreen\"><i class='fa fa-2x pull-left tip'><\/i><div class=\"arconix-box-content\">\n<p>Definition: Operating System<\/p>\n<p>An operating system is a low level piece of software that manages the computer&#8217;s hardware &amp; software, and provides an interface between the user and the computer.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p>Most people use computers because they want to use application software(such as word processing, internet browsing) however these applications only work inside of an operating system environment. The operating system is the software that controls, manages and run all of the applications on the computer.<\/p>\n<p>The functions of an operating system include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Loading a software interface for the user to interact with (usually a GUI or CLI)<\/li>\n<li>Managing hardware resources such as memory and devices<\/li>\n<li>User management<\/li>\n<li>authentication &amp; security<\/li>\n<li>File management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>When a user is using a computer they are either interacting directly with the operating system ( e.g. logging in to the computer) or via an application (e.g. saving a word processing document)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"arconix-column-one-third\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/role-of-operating-system.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-721\" src=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/role-of-operating-system-273x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"273\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/role-of-operating-system-273x300.png 273w, https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/role-of-operating-system-768x844.png 768w, https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/role-of-operating-system-932x1024.png 932w, https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/role-of-operating-system.png 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 273px) 100vw, 273px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"arconix-pane pane-CLI\">\n<div class=\"arconix-column-two-thirds\">\n<h3>Command Line Interface<\/h3>\n<p>Command line operating systems\u00a0were the original interfaces that all computers used, until the invention of graphical user interfaces. The consist of text only screens and graphics could only displayed using a technique known as<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.co.uk\/search?q=ascii+art&amp;espv=2&amp;biw=1152&amp;bih=541&amp;source=lnms&amp;tbm=isch&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwiA6cWm3tzOAhVnAcAKHfBWANUQ_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&amp;q=simple+ascii+art+screen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0ASCII Art.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Advantages of\u00a0CLIs<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"arconix-list\" data-arconix-icon=\"fa-chevron-circle-right\" data-arconix-color=\"black\">\n<ul class=\"fa-ul\">\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Quick and easy to program<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Fast to use when you are experienced in the system<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Very Reliable<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Distraction free<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Low resource usage \u2013 good for battery powered devices like UAVs and weather stations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Disadvantages of CLIs<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"arconix-list\" data-arconix-icon=\"fa-chevron-circle-right\" data-arconix-color=\"black\">\n<ul class=\"fa-ul\">\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Very difficult \/ un-intuitive for beginners ( you have to know the commands)<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Can\u2019t display graphics<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Not good for multi-tasking<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Not pretty looking<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Command line interfaces are still widely used today in a number of specialist and technical areas, including:<\/p>\n<div class=\"arconix-list\" data-arconix-icon=\"fa-chevron-circle-right\" data-arconix-color=\"black\">\n<ul class=\"fa-ul\">\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Coding<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Hacking<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>System restore interfaces<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Micro-controller controlled devices<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Servers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"arconix-column-one-third\">\n<div id=\"attachment_719\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/cli.png\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-719\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-719\" src=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/cli-300x207.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/cli-300x207.png 300w, https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/cli.png 655w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-719\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">I Linux Command Line Interface<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"arconix-pane pane-GUI\">\n<div class=\"arconix-column-two-thirds\">\n<h3>Graphical User Interface<\/h3>\n<p>Graphical user interfaces were invented much later than CLIs but are now the most widely used type of interface. Users interact with the system with the combination of a keyboard and a mouse\/point (or a touch screen).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Advantages of GUI<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"arconix-list\" data-arconix-icon=\"fa-chevron-circle-right\" data-arconix-color=\"black\">\n<ul class=\"fa-ul\">\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Can display images, videos and graphics<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Because of the use of a pointer or touch screen they are far more beginner friendly<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Pretty looking<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Can have multiple windows open for multi-tasking<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Disadvantages of GUI<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"arconix-list\" data-arconix-icon=\"fa-chevron-circle-right\" data-arconix-color=\"black\">\n<ul class=\"fa-ul\">\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Take longer to code<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>More prone to bugs<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>More resource intensive<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Screen clutter can be distracting.<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-li fa-chevron-circle-right black\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Can take longer to perform tasks than a\u00a0CLI.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"arconix-column-one-third\">\n<div id=\"attachment_720\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/gui.png\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-720\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-720\" src=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/gui-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/gui-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/gui.png 598w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-720\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Windows Graphic User Interface<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"arconix-pane pane-Multitasking\">\n<div class=\"arconix-column-two-thirds\">\n<h3>Multitasking<\/h3>\n<p>Most general use systems (e.g. desktops, laptops, tablets) allow multitasking, where most than one program is open at one time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Advantages<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Allows a combination of active and passive user interaction, e.g.:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Type up a word processing document while listening to music.<\/li>\n<li>Editing images while burning files to an optical device (DVD \/ CD)<\/li>\n<li>Allows rapid switching between applications which can make the use more efficient.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Disadvantages<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Multiple open applications can slow down the computer, making it harder to use.<\/li>\n<li>Requires more physical resources (CPU power \/ memory) so uses more battery.<\/li>\n<li>Can offer unwanted distractions from the task at hand.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"arconix-column-one-third\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/multitasking-ocr.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-747\" src=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/multitasking-ocr.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"206\" height=\"244\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"arconix-pane pane-Peripherals\">\n<div class=\"arconix-column-two-thirds\">\n<h3>Peripherals<\/h3>\n<p>One of the main jobs of the Operating System is to control and manage the external peripherals connected to the PC.<\/p>\n<p>These can include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Printers \/ Scanners<\/li>\n<li>Mice \/ Keyboards<\/li>\n<li>Speakers \/headphones<\/li>\n<li>Games controllers<\/li>\n<li>External storage devices<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>When a peripheral is connected, the Operating System locates the appropriate <strong>device driver software<\/strong> and loads it in to the kernel. If the computer cannot find an appropriate device driver, the user will have to download and install an appropriate driver from the internet before the device will work.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"arconix-column-one-third\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/perhipherals.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-743\" src=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/perhipherals-300x179.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"179\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/perhipherals-300x179.png 300w, https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/perhipherals-768x458.png 768w, https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/perhipherals.png 982w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"arconix-pane pane-UserManagement\">\n<div class=\"arconix-column-two-thirds\">\n<h3>User Management<\/h3>\n<p>User management Software allows the user to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Add users<\/li>\n<li>Edit user permissions<\/li>\n<li>Delete Users<\/li>\n<li>Controls the amount of resources (especially storage space) each user can use.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>On most centrally managed server based computer systems, such as school systems, user management will be disable for most users and only those with administrative privileges will be able to load \/\u00a0 use the software.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"arconix-column-one-third\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/user-management.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-748\" src=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/user-management.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"257\" height=\"196\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"arconix-pane pane-FileManagement\">\n<div class=\"arconix-column-two-thirds\">\n<h3>File Management<\/h3>\n<p>This software allows the user to :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Find, move, edit and delete files<\/li>\n<li>Inspect files to find out the their properties (e.g. creation date, size, type)<\/li>\n<li>Organise files into a series of folders and sub-folders<\/li>\n<li>View directory trees<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"arconix-column-one-third\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/file-manager.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-750\" src=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/file-manager-300x217.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/file-manager-300x217.png 300w, https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/file-manager-768x554.png 768w, https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/gcsecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/file-manager.png 802w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"arconix-pane pane-Resources\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/presentation\/d\/1TRIIfVF83rsS0RhQr0Net9RSyC_lRZoHq_PreRkD5cc\/edit?usp=sharing\">Operating Systems Slideshow<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1xKdlWtR9Ln0IQf257HPzfXtfDqBVBjC2bDgupgG5WMg\/edit?usp=sharing\">System Software Worksheet<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/play.kahoot.it\/#\/k\/79fb84c1-c6aa-46b1-9407-fc13da08b25d\">Operating Systems Kahoot<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1yS6O-4m0PqyXMR5VnUqwPH77L2a64Hb_n1MEju3FY0A\/edit?usp=sharing\">Operating Systems Crossword<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1-l2lYGGGeFfTidxwszB1Au_IYfGnKwHBTfpLIxXIjDQ\/edit?usp=sharing\">Software Unit Keyword and Definition List<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=12qJww1NsfgItdpqRewTnlGyi8w_96y1n\">Software Unit Flashcards<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":70,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.6 - 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