{"id":210,"date":"2023-06-11T21:10:14","date_gmt":"2023-06-11T21:10:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/edexcel-igcse-computer-science\/?page_id=210"},"modified":"2023-06-11T21:10:14","modified_gmt":"2023-06-11T21:10:14","slug":"network-stacks-layers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/edexcel-igcse-computer-science\/network-stacks-layers\/","title":{"rendered":"Network Stacks &#038; Layers"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"responsive-tabs\">\n<h2 class=\"tabtitle\">OSI<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tabcontent\">\n\n<h3>Open Systems Interconnect Stack<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1284\" src=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/alevelcs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/osi-model-cie-alevel-computer-science.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"908\" height=\"735\" \/><\/p>\n\n<\/div><h2 class=\"tabtitle\">TCP\/IP<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tabcontent\">\n\n<h3>TCP\/IP Stack<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1285\" src=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/alevelcs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/OSI-to-TCPIP-Model.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"930\" height=\"625\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<\/div><h2 class=\"tabtitle\">Application<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tabcontent\">\n\n<h3>Application Layer<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Handles interaction between the user and the application. TLS\/SSL encryption is also handled at this layer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Protocols at this level:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SMTP<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FTP<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DNS<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HTTP<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">POP<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HTTP<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SSH<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NTP<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What software\/hardware operate at this layer?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Web browsers, such as chrome, operate at the application layer.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><h2 class=\"tabtitle\">Transport<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tabcontent\">\n\n<h3>Transport Layer<\/h3>\n<p>This layer is responsible for end-to-end error free transmission of data.<\/p>\n<p>Protocols at this level:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SCTP<\/li>\n<li>TCP<\/li>\n<li>UDP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>What software\/hardware operate at this layer?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gateways (not covered in the CIE A Level)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<\/div><h2 class=\"tabtitle\">Internet<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tabcontent\">\n\n<h3>Internet Layer<\/h3>\n<p>Responsible for delivering packets from host to destination using IP addresses.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Protocols<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>IP<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ARP<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RARP<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ICMP<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IGM<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What software\/hardware operate at this layer?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Routers function at this layer<\/p>\n\n<\/div><h2 class=\"tabtitle\">Network Link<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tabcontent\">\n\n<h3>Network Link Layer<\/h3>\n<p>This layer utilizes hardware addresses and is responsible for the physical transfer of data from node to node.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What software\/hardware operate at this layer?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hubs, Switches &amp; Bridges operate at this layer<\/p>\n\n<\/div><h2 class=\"tabtitle\">TCP vs UDP<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tabcontent\">\n\n<h3>TCP vs UDP<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_1291\" style=\"width: 1315px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/alevelcs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/tcp-vs-udp.png\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1291\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1291 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/alevelcs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/tcp-vs-udp.png?_t=1606195806\" alt=\"\" width=\"1305\" height=\"615\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1291\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to Enlarge<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<\/div><h2 class=\"tabtitle\">Resources<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tabcontent\">\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/presentation\/d\/1R9nrFjbb-VU9Dogx_YR2tLXgOPFKmq4aa8W4FFzeado\/edit?usp=sharing\">Teacher Presentation<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridgeinternational.org\/Images\/285023-topic-3.2.1-protocols-9608-.pdf\">CIE Resource<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Open Systems Interconnect Stack &nbsp; TCP\/IP Stack &nbsp; Application Layer Handles interaction between the user and the application. TLS\/SSL encryption is also handled at this layer. Protocols at this level: SMTP FTP DNS HTTP POP HTTP SSH NTP What software\/hardware operate at this layer? Web browsers, such as chrome, operate at the application layer. Transport&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/edexcel-igcse-computer-science\/network-stacks-layers\/\" class=\"\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Network Stacks &#038; Layers<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"off","neve_meta_content_width":100,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Network Stacks &#038; Layers - Edexcel iGCSE Computer Science<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/edexcel-igcse-computer-science\/network-stacks-layers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Network Stacks &#038; Layers - Edexcel iGCSE Computer Science\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Open Systems Interconnect Stack &nbsp; TCP\/IP Stack &nbsp; Application Layer Handles interaction between the user and the application. 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