BIOS

What is the BIOS?

Lesson 2 – BIOS Firmware

The BIOS is the first piece of code that is loaded when you computer starts up and is a form of firmware.

The BIOS performs the following functions:

• Checks what hardware is connected and whether it is functioning correctly.
• Loads up the computer’s operating system.

Hardware Checking

A computer will not function correctly if certain devices are not installed or if they have a hardware fault. The BIOS checks each of these components and makes sure they are working properly.

The BIOS also checks the temperature of the motherboard, CPU and GPU. If they are too hot the computer will shutdown in order to prevent damage to the computer.

Booting the Operating System

On my computers you can access the BIOS screen when you boot up by pressing F1

Once all the hardware checking is complete, the BIOS will then attempt to boot an operating system from a storage device. What device it will choose to boot from first will depend on the device boot order.

The computer will look for an operating system on the first storage device listed. If it can’t find an operating system to boot from, it will move on to the next device.

Flashing the BIOS

Like other pieces of code on a computer, the user may wish to update the BIOS firmware. The BIOS is located on a BIOS chip and the process of updating the firmware on the chip is known as ‘flashing’.

The BIOS must be flashed because it is stored on a Read Only Memory  ( ROM) chip. and so you can’t just copy and paste new files to the chip, it has to be flashed as a whole new image.

Benefits of updating the BIOS

• Enables support for newer hardware
• Improves the performance of existing hardware
• Patches bugs in the original firmware
• Can include security improvements

Drawbacks of updating the BIOS

• The process isn’t as simple as updating software
• If you install the wrong firmware or you interrupt the update process your computer will require a new BIOS chip before it will work again.

Activity 1 – BIOS Research

Google slides document

Download the firmware worksheet ( opposite) and reboot your computer.

When you computer starts up again keep pressing the F10 key until the blue BIOS screen appears. Work through the worksheet, filling in the blanks on the worksheet from the information on the BIOS screen.

Once you have filled in the relevant information, reboot your computer again and load this page up to answer the final questions on the sheet.

Master Boot Record