{"id":241,"date":"2020-02-12T10:36:55","date_gmt":"2020-02-12T10:36:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/alevelcs\/?page_id=241"},"modified":"2021-04-29T06:18:36","modified_gmt":"2021-04-29T06:18:36","slug":"bit-streaming","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/alevelcs\/bit-streaming\/","title":{"rendered":"Bit Streaming"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"responsive-tabs\">\n<h2 class=\"tabtitle\">Bit Streaming<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tabcontent\">\n\n<h3>What is a bit stream?<\/h3>\n<p>A bit stream is a continuous flow of bits over a communication path. This path can be within the computer itself, across computer networks from a source computer (usually some sort of server) to a destination computer. We will be focusing on network bit streams and two ways in which they can be handled.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<\/div><h2 class=\"tabtitle\">Real-Time<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tabcontent\">\n\n<h3>Real time bit streaming<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_1969\" style=\"width: 468px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1969\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969\" src=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/alevelcs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/02\/real-time-video-streaming.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"458\" height=\"306\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/alevelcs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/02\/real-time-video-streaming.png 458w, https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/alevelcs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/02\/real-time-video-streaming-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 458px) 100vw, 458px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1969\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sports fixtures often use real time video streaming<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Real time bit streaming is where is data is retrieved live from the source as it is being created. Real time streaming cannot be paused or re-winded, as any data that is not immediately used (e.g. video data outputted to the screen) is discarded.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Features:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Low latency(delay) is prioritised over quality &#8211; packets that don&#8217;t arrive in time are discarded.<br \/>\nIf the data cannot be reliably streamed at the current bit-rate(quality) then a lower bit-rate and quality will be used.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Used for:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Live sports television broadcasts<\/li>\n<li>Online Gaming<\/li>\n<li>Some financial data<\/li>\n<li>Some weather data<\/li>\n<li>Live streaming services (e.g. Twitch)<\/li>\n<li>Controlling UAVs and other autonomous devices.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<\/div><h2 class=\"tabtitle\">On-Demand<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tabcontent\">\n\n<h3>On Demand bit streaming<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_1970\" style=\"width: 522px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1970\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1970\" src=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/alevelcs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/02\/on-demand-video-streaming.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"512\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/alevelcs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/02\/on-demand-video-streaming.jpg 512w, https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/alevelcs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/02\/on-demand-video-streaming-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1970\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Netflix &amp; YouTube are popular on-demand streaming platforms<\/p><\/div>\n<p>On demand bit streaming is used to transmit data that has been pre-recorded. The player buffers (waits and saves up packets) until the data can be streamed in the bit-rate selected before starting playback<\/p>\n<p><strong>Features:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Data integrity is prioritised over latency.<br \/>\nIf there is insufficient bandwidth to handle the bit stream then buffering will occur and the output will pause or drop frames until the bandwidth increases or a lower bit rate stream is selected.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Used for:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Movie playback<\/li>\n<li>Music streaming (not live radio)<\/li>\n<li>Video streaming sites such as YouTube<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div><h2 class=\"tabtitle\">How It Works<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tabcontent\">\n\n<h3>How On Demand Bit Streaming Works<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/alevelcs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/02\/how-bit-streaming-works.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1966 \" src=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/alevelcs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/02\/how-bit-streaming-works.png?_t=1619139677\" alt=\"\" width=\"585\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/alevelcs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/02\/how-bit-streaming-works.png 829w, https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/alevelcs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/02\/how-bit-streaming-works-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/alevelcs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/02\/how-bit-streaming-works-768x349.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Step 1 &#8211; Connect to the server<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Your computer connects you to the media server (whichever CDN server is best)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Step 2 &#8211; Choose appropriate video file<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Media Server tests your connection and chooses the appropriate video file from the selection it has available &#8211; this can include different formats, video resolution and video bitrate.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Step 3 &#8211; Start sending bits<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The media server starts sending a stream of bits from the server to your computer<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Step 4 &#8211;\u00a0Fill the buffer to above the minimum mark<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Your computer begins to fill it&#8217;s streaming buffer (usually stored in RAM) until amount of bits exceeds the minimum required amount.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Step 5 &#8211; Start playing the video<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>At this point the computer begins playing the video to the user, removing the played bits of data from the RAM as it does so.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Step 6 &#8211; If the high water mark is reached<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If the buffer is filled up to above the high level then a control signal is sent to the media server asking it to pause sending data for a short while.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Step 7 &#8211; If the stream buffer is completely emptied<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>if the stream buffer empties the computer will pause the playback until the low level mark is reached again. If this keeps happening the computer will send a control signal asking for the media server to send a lower resolution\/quality stream.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<\/div><h2 class=\"tabtitle\">Resources<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tabcontent\">\n\n<h3>Resources<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/presentation\/d\/14mcCpS7JTfiv8qJ1PT9rnvs1gNCZ3B9q-DLvwBBJi-8\/edit?usp=sharing\">Teacher Presentation<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=BJQ74-KcD3k\">How live streaming video works<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Past Paper Questions<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pastpapers.papacambridge.com\/view.php?id=Cambridge%20International%20Examinations%20%28CIE%29\/AS%20and%20A%20Level\/Computer%20Science%20-%209608\/2015%20Nov\/9608_w15_qp_11.pdf\">N15 Paper 11 Question 1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is a bit stream? A bit stream is a continuous flow of bits over a communication path. This path can be within the computer itself, across computer networks from a source computer (usually some sort of server) to a destination computer. We will be focusing on network bit streams and two ways in which&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/alevelcs\/bit-streaming\/\" class=\"\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Bit Streaming<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":70,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bit Streaming - A Level Computer Science<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/learnlearn.uk\/alevelcs\/bit-streaming\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bit Streaming - A Level Computer Science\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is a bit stream? 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